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HINREN 5c23630fc5462d0001de1459 Services https://www.hinren.com
rainwater harvesting
                    Water is the most essential thing in this world and Rain is the only source of water in the world. Catching the rain where it falls and using it right there is perhaps the most efficient process of using this remarkable gift of God, Water.                    Roof-top Rainwater harvesting is found to be a very efficient way to “Catch the water where it falls”. Roof-top rainwater harvesting can go a very long way in mitigating water crisis faced in urban communities and Industries. Though Rainwater harvesting is recognized as one of the best solutions for the present water crisis, there are a number of impediments in its effective implementation and most importantly maintenance. Though Rainwater is the purest form of water, due to culture and/or due to lack of awareness, there is still plenty of scepticism of using rainwater falling on One’s roof. The new process of designing and implementing Roof-top rainwater harvesting presented below will make;1.	Rooftop Rainwater potable and ready for use. 2.	Remove all skepticism around the process of catching and using rainwater. 3.	Reduce the maintenance involved in rooftop rainwater harvesting.4.	Making the cleaning process of filtration units as automatic as possible. 5.	Ensure enough checks and balances so that chances of contamination are minimum.  SOLUTIONS AVAILABLE: A number of solutions exists today which addresses one or a few of the above concerns. However, there is no single solution to take care of all the above issues and at the same time be scalable and customizable. STEPS INVOLVED: The entire process of Rainwater harvesting can be divided into three parts:1.	Catchment: There is no issue here but for keeping it clean which is by and large ensured in Urban catchments like Apartments and Businesses. 2.	Conveyance: It is mainly plumbing work for which standards are well established and it is a straight forward one-time work.3.	Filtration: Here is where all the impediments and issues are cropping up. There are no Standards for small catchments nor any well-established practice for this (Rooftop Urban Catchments).FILTRATION PROCESS DESIGN:  A new filtration process is designed .Below are the stages of filtration. STAGE 1: PRE-FILTER. This is a Pre-filter or a First Rain Separator (FRS). This ensures that initial few minutes of rain is segregated and does not go into the next filtration stage. This unit can also throw out the water in case the water is not required. This is only a plumbing arrangement in the design of the conveyance system. This is already practiced in many places. STAGE 2: SEDIMENTATION TANK. This is an extension of the pre-filter. In most cases, it is not possible to ensure enough volume of pre-filter because of a.	Space constraints b.	Dependence on labour.c.	Wastage of water. To overcome this, a sedimentation tank is proposed. 	It is just a HDPE tank to collect water. Overflow from this tank goes into the next filtration unit. 	Since the first few minutes of water falls inside this tank, most of the dust particles settles in this tank. 	This also acts as a pre-filter. However, the water collected in this tank can be used only for non-potable purposes. STAGE 3: MODIFIED RAPID SAND FILTER. 	This is the final stage of the three-stage process. 	This filtration tank has five layers split into two chambers as shown below.  	The water gets in from the sedimentation tank. 	It hits a splasher stone which spreads the water uniformly over the surface of the filter media. 	The water “Flows-down” in the first chamber through a series of filter media. This sifts for any physical matter in the water. 	The water gets into the second chamber. 	The water “UP-FLOWS” in the second chamber. 	Here the water first flows through a layer of cinder which traps minute particles.	Water then flows through a layer of activated carbon. This traps all the dust and adsorbs any smell or gas in the water. 	Finally, the water hits a layer of aggregates before getting discharged into the sump. 	Water equivalent to volume of the filtration unit is stored in the filtration unit itself after the rains are over (This is because of Up-flow design). 	A valve is given on the first chamber. By opening this valve, the entire volume of water which is stored in the filtration tank can be drained out. This will completely back-wash the filter media. So, the filer media gets cleaned in every rain. 	A parallel valve is also provided where the water starts flowing into the sump. This valve is to sample the water for testing. 	All the above mentioned three stages are scalable for any catchment. 	All the above three stages are customizable for any available space to install the filtration unit. (It is a volume-based design).CASE FOR RAINWATER: THE BANGALORE SCENARIO: 	Bangalore receives an average of 950 mm of rainfall every year. 	For an individual house of say 100 SqM roof area (Approx 1000 Square feet); This 950 mm translates to yearly run-off of: 100 x 950 x 0.85 = 80,750 say 80,000 Liters per year (0.85 is because 15% is assumed to be loss) 	For a household of 4 people each consuming 200 liters a day, this means that rainwater can contribute to 80,000/(4x200) = 100 days.	So, this household need not depend on Piped water supply for 100 days in a year. 	Extending this case, every square feet of Roof area in Bangalore receives 75 Liters of water per year (Free of cost)  
Rainwater Harvesting
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