'export'

A hybrid solar power system combines the benefits of both on-grid and off-grid solar configurations, offering flexibility and reliability. Here's how the system functions: Sunshine Hours Operation: During daylight, solar energy is used to power the electrical loads directly. Excess Energy Management: If the solar energy generated exceeds the energy required by the loads, the surplus charges the batteries. Any additional energy beyond the battery's capacity can be exported to the utility grid, provided the grid is available. While grid availability (e.g., BESCOM) is necessary for exporting energy, it is not needed for running the loads or charging the batteries. Supplemental Energy Sources: If solar energy is insufficient to power the loads, the system can draw the remaining energy either from the grid or from the batteries. This is programmable, allowing for customization of energy sourcing. If the grid is available, it can provide the additional power; if not, the batteries supply the difference. The system can be configured to draw a specified percentage from the battery and the remainder from the grid. Non-Sunshine Hours Operation: During non-sunshine periods, the system can be programmed to draw energy either from the grid or the battery, based on user settings. Grid Independence: When the grid is unavailable during non-sunshine hours, the entire power demand is met by the batteries. Energy Trading with the Grid: Excess energy generated and exported to the grid can be traded with the utility company. At the end of the billing cycle, if the net exported energy is positive, the utility company compensates the consumer at the prevailing tariff. Conversely, if net energy has been imported, the consumer pays the utility company according to the applicable rates. This hybrid configuration is highly versatile, allowing users to tailor their energy usage, prioritize battery use, manage energy flow, and optimize savings through potential energy exports. It offers the resilience of off-grid systems combined with the added advantage of grid connectivity for energy trading and backup.

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An on-grid solar power system is a solar energy solution that is directly connected to the utility grid. It is designed primarily to reduce electricity bills by offsetting grid consumption but does not provide power during outages. The system begins with solar panel installation, typically on rooftops, where panels capture sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity. This DC output is then fed into an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) suitable for powering household or business appliances. In addition to conversion, the inverter also ensures that the system’s output is synchronized with the grid’s voltage and frequency. The generated energy is first used to meet the immediate electrical load of the premises. When solar production exceeds consumption, the surplus energy is exported to the utility grid. Conversely, when demand is higher than solar generation, the shortfall is automatically imported from the grid. This balance between export and import is managed seamlessly by the system. Energy flow is tracked through a net meter, which records both imported and exported electricity. At the end of each billing cycle, the utility company calculates the difference. If exported energy exceeds imported energy, the consumer is compensated at a specified rate (for example, ₹3.86 per unit without subsidy, as in the case of BESCOM). If consumption from the grid is higher, the consumer pays only for the net difference at the prevailing tariff. Despite its benefits, an on-grid solar system has some limitations. It does not include energy storage and therefore offers no backup power during outages. Additionally, grid availability is essential for operation, as the inverter is programmed to shut down during power cuts to prevent 'islanding,' a safety mechanism that protects utility workers and infrastructure. In conclusion, an on-grid solar power system is an effective and efficient way to reduce electricity bills and contribute to cleaner energy use. However, it remains dependent on the utility grid and is not suitable for areas that experience frequent power interruptions or where grid independence is a priority.

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